The Determination Of The Presence Of Coliform Bacteria From Selected S

The Determination Of The Presence Of Coliform Bacteria From Selected Sources By Means Of The Most Probable Number (Mpn) Method Abstract Coliform bacteria are good indicator organisms for the presence of pathogenic bacteria due to their realtionship with these pathogenic bacteria, their relative ease of determination by simple methods, and by their occurrence in large quantities in human feces. The MPN method used in this experiment is one of the prescribed techniques for the determination of these coliform bacteria from the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater as prescribed by the EPA. It consists of three stages, each of which necessitates a positive result for the previous stage. The first stage (presumptive test) determines the gas-producing coliform characteristic during lactose-fermentation. The second stage (confirmed test), determines the gram-reaction and also the lactose fermentation abilities of the organism, while the last stage (completed test) determines the endospore presence to determine if the organisms in the sample indeed are coliforms. The number of coliforms or bacteria pre sent is readily seen with the use of a special table and then the statistically estimated numbers are determined. The samples, however, did not produce positive results for the presence of coliforms. Enventhough there was a large MPN value for one of the samples, about 1100 MPN per 100 ml, the sample still tested negative in the last stage. It is therefore suffice to say that the samples did not present any health risks for humans. Future researchers should, however, device or perform other more specific procedures due to the fact that there might have been still coliforms present but these may have been negated by possible endospore-forming relatives. Introduction Human health has always been a hard condition to preserve and the detection and control of pathogens in the environment have been the very key to the success of the human race. Although microbial pathogens are relatively few in comparison to the total number of microorganisms, their detection have been made easy with the use of indicator organisms. Indicator organisms give researchers the benefit of making good assumptions on the presence of pathogens before the pathogens multiply in distressing numbers. For a microbe to be accepted as an indicator organism, it must be present in human feces in large amounts so much so that the presence of these bacteria in a given sample would already point to human fecal contamination. It was reasoned that the largest amount of pathogens was present in human feces, and thus, the indication of the entry of large amounts of human waste, from healthy persons or not, already indicate a great risk (NCSU). Also, indicator organisms must be present wherev er and whenever the pathogen organisms are present. More importantly, these indicator organisms must be easily detectable in samples and tests for the measurement of their numbers must be simple enough (Tortora et al. 1995). Coliform bacteria fit all the requirements and are even safe to handle in the laboratory. Coliform bacteria are gram-negative and non-spore/endospore forming bacteria, which include aerobes and facultative anaerobes, and when incubated at 35?C with lactose in the media, will evolve gas (CO2) within 48 hrs, like Escherichia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Enterobacter (NCSU). They are also prevalent in the colon and intestinal tract (but not all groups are present) of warm-blooded mammals, including man (Anderson et al. 1998). They are also related to pathogenic bacteria in that a large number of these coliform bacteria usually imply the presence of some pathogenic bacteria (Frank). These characteristics of coliform bacteria already suffice the conditions outlined for these organisms to be classified as indicator organisms. They occur in large amounts in human feces, in fact, humans excrete billions of these coliforms (called fecal coliforms). They are present whenever and wherever the p athogen organisms are present. More importantly, their presence is easily detected as their characteristics are easily tested with the use of simple procedures like gram-staining, endospore-staining and lactose fermentation tests. These principles and procedures now form the basis and the rationale for the methods by which this experiment was conducted. Actually, the use of coliform bacteria as indicators of the presence of pathogenic bacteria is not new already. It as been established since 1880, and because of their reliability as indicator organisms, the

The Joy Luck Club essays

The Joy Luck Club essays In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan explores the different mother-daughter relationships between the characters, and at a lower level, relationships between friends, lovers, and even enemies. The mother-daughter relationships are most likely different aspects of Tans relationship with her mother, and perhaps a figment of her imagination. In this book, she presents the conflicting views and the stories of both sides, providing the reader and ultimately the characters with an understanding of the mentalities of both mother and daughter, and why each one is the way she is. Amy Tan explores the difficulties in growing up as a Chinese-American and the problems assimilating into modern society. The Chinese-American daughters try their best to become Americanized, at the same time casting off their heritage while their mothers watch on, troubled. Social pressures to become like everyone else, and not to be different are what motivated the daughters to resent their nationality. They didnt try to c omprehend their culture, which was a big part of understanding their traditional Chinese mothers. The swan feather in the beginning of the book was a symbol of all hopes and dreams that the mother wanted to give to her daughter. This woman crossing a vast ocean, with only the company of a swan, she was not scared but yet motivated. She dreams for her daughter, and this dream is the driving force of her actions. She is moved to realize this dream, that she was not even aware of the potential bad outcomes. There was no talk about hoping to have a daughter it was already destined, I will have a daughter just like me...and she will always be too full to swallow any sorrow, the sorrow that the woman was taught t swallow (3-4). There was no single thought of failure in her mind. Her dreams instilled blind faith in her, and inherent optimism. The swan feather was a symbol of Chinese culture that only brought good intentions; it ...

Expansionary Economic Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Expansionary Economic Policy - Research Paper Example They also contrast with the opinions held by many economists that exist within the boundaries of convectional models. Mainstream economics relies on basic theories regarding policies aimed at expanding the economy despite the downturn. There is a unanimous agreement that the continuation of the spending and tax policies may result in an unsustainable path reflecting national debt. This is mostly due to the growth of mandates that emanate from the aging population and the high costs of health care provision. Therefore, this paper examines the evidence and logic bearing on the worth of the fiscal policy in economies severely depressed. During normal economic times, the central banks offset and disregard the effects of the fiscal policy. In turn, this keeps the policy-relevant multiplier at a constant near zero. This leaves no room for expansionary fiscal policies as a tool for the stabilization policy. But, when constraining the interest rates by the zero nominal lower bound, the discr etionary fiscal policy comes into action as a vital stabilization policy technique (Jane & Thomas, 2013). Fiscal policy is the application of taxation and government spending to influence the economy. Fiscal and monetary policies are the two major and commonly used tools available to the policy makers so as to alter output, employment and demand. When the supply of money in an economy is constant, the government expenditures have to receive financing through government spending and borrowing or imposing higher taxes. In this regard, the fiscal policy involves the government’s utilization of spending, taxing as well as borrowing policies. The government’s budget deficit comes forth in the evaluation of the direction that the policy takes. The core economic impact of any changes in the budget affects particular groups of people for instance a tax cut for homes and families that have children raises their disposable income. Therefore, the fiscal policy discussions primari ly focus on the effects of changes experienced in the financial plan on the overall financial system. This fiscal policy takes into proper use tools such as taxation, borrowing funds from populations that live abroad, consuming fiscal reserves, selling fixed assets such as land, and seigniorage that defines the benefits accrued from printing money. The Federal Reserve System acts in accordance with satisfying its public role as an independent body within the arms of the government. It is not a private and neither is a profit making institution. The Federal Reserve acts as the central bank and takes authority from the Congress in the United States to conduct business. This part of the government holds a lot of responsibilities and this means that it is an indispensable factor in the implementation of the fiscal policy. The Federal Reserve felt that it need by a large percentage to control government spending by paying close attention to locally produced goods and services. It was cos ting the government a fortune to depend solely on imported goods that come out of foreign countries and this lowered the amount of money that circulates within the U.S. This measure also meant that the government would think about trading with the foreign investors with the capacity to bring in international funds to the local companies where the local dollar becomes stronger. Controlling government expend

Journal Entry #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Entry #2 - Essay Example First is the issue of hazing. While hazing has been outlawed as illegal, Greek Letter fraternities or sororities still run the danger of resuscitating the practice to the detriment of unsuspecting neophytes. Second is the issue of rite of passage where every neophyte has to go through to become a full member and finally is the issue of beer binges and excessive partying associated with Greek Letter fraternities. Thus, to answer if Greek Life is for me, my reply would be that I am not just into beer binges and excessive partying that runs up to the wee hours of the morning. I like to have fun also but alcohol and staying up late with is just not me. With regard to its advantages of having plenty of friends and study mates, I already have friends and reliable classmates whom I can study with. With regard to network after college, I believe that my own capability can stand its own in the labor market. I also do not believe in the rite of passage that every neophyte has to go through just to be accepted and become a full member. So to answer the question whether Greek life is for me or not, my answer would be it is not for

How did notions of the traditional woman develop in the 20th century Essay

How did notions of the traditional woman develop in the 20th century and what purposes did this serve - Essay Example Pulling against traditions was a sense of urgency, progress and movement so evident in the industrial, geographical, technological and political changes distressing the society. Women’s roles were intended to stabilize all this uncertainty; however, women could not help except see a breakthrough for themselves in this growth. Opportunities opened up in the factories, retail establishments as well as offices, offering single â€Å"modern girl† new options. Education was now mandatory for both men and women in most states (Kipgen, 2010, p. 218). Women sought after higher education, first in all female institutes, then in co-ed environments. Advocacy for rights of women, with suffrage in the lead, also gathered momentum. In spite of these changes, throughout the 19th century, 95 percent of married women stayed "at home." While the 20th century witnessed a distinctive change in ideas respecting sex relations at a level of social philosophy, far from a traditional notion of â€Å"traditional woman†, supremacy towards a modern girl idea of gender equity was robustly contested and by all means achieved. Important legal, professional, educational, and personal changes did take place, however, by 1901 full, indisputable gender equality stayed almost as the utopian as in the 1800. Research collaboration explores how the â€Å"modern girl† came out as a worldwide phenomenon in the beginning of the 20th century. By pursuing romantic love and wearing provocative fashions, â€Å"modern girls† universally appeared to disregard the responsibilities of loyal daughter, wife and mother. The â€Å"modern girl† developed as a heuristic category which allows new insights into the forces of globalization as well as manifestations of gendered modernity. According to a case study of a cosmetic advertising in India, China, Germany, South Africa, and the United States, it was evident the â€Å"modern girl† in every locale was

The Neuropsychology Korsakoff Syndrome Psychology Essay

The Neuropsychology Korsakoff Syndrome Psychology Essay This study is investigating on a specific patient (Mr C) whos suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. In this report, the case study indicates mainly to memory deficiency. The sequence of events in this case study is used to show the possibilities of side effects of chronic alcohol abuse which is also known as Korsakoff syndrome. The literature review introduces the medical model of Korsakoff syndrome that is presented with particular attention that has a link to anterograde and retrograde amnesia. A variety of memory tests were set for the patient in order to provide more reliable diagnosis. The results from different studies were compared to the normative brain and Korsakoff patients to see the similarity. Furthermore, after the results were undertaken the results shown a variety of scores which indicated that the patient needed further treatments. Lastly, suggestions for prevention and treatments damages that the patient may have will be presented. Introduction Indicating to Mr Cs case study, the patient may have developed Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff syndrome is associated with Diencephalic Amnesia which is seen as neurological disease. Patients that are experiencing this condition are highly related to heavy alcohol consumptions over a very long period (Butterworth, 1989). Heavy alcohol is a public health problem with almost one in four people in the UK reporting having had this problem at some point in their lives (Kessler, 1994). This study is based on Korsakoff syndrome thats caused by alcohol related issue which Mr C has clearly been taking nearly half of his life due to going downhill during some time (Appendix 1). This is the reason patients may lead to obtaining the syndrome. This is based on biological evidence that heavy alcohol consumption may lead to thiamine deficiency which affects the brain and the nervous systems. People who drink excessive amount of alcohol may damage important area part within the brain, resulting serve short term memory loss where the patient constantly asks the same questions and repeats the same stories (Sergei Korsakoff, 1879). Many heavy drinkers have poor dieting problems which their body doesnt contain much vitamins, due to the fact that alcoholics spend time trying to replace high calories food with alcohol. This can cause a lot of complications in the patients body as the intestinal mucosa could be damaged by the alcohol which can lead to make it difficult for the liver to store vitamins. Alcohol plays a role that interferes with the change of thiamine into the active form of vitamin which is known as thiamine pyrophosphate. Korsakoff syndrome inflames the stomach lining in your body that causes frequent vomiting, and m ake it harder for the body to absorb the main vitamins. Thiamine deficiency is a clear sign of the development of Korsakoff syndrome. (Moselhy, Georgiou, Kahn, 2001). However, due to the biological evidence there are many symptoms that may appear suddenly within few days. The patients that have normal IQs are alert and attentive, appear motivated, and generally lack other neurological signs of cerebral deficits such as abnormal EEGs. Most patients with Korsakoff syndrome have a deficit in visual-perception. Mr C has the same symptoms that occur in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (1881). Although Sergei Korsakoff (1879) didnt take any notice to Wernickes work, he mentioned the existence of several of the same type of symptoms in his patients (Gudden, 1896). Wernicke suggested that mental confusion and eye movement disturbances were the primary symptoms and the first stage of Korsakoff Syndrome. As there is a strong indication of Korsakoff syndrome, the patients behaviour and symptoms has a big impact in the patients lifestyle. Change in personality (become unconcerned, lacking of emotional reactions, talkative etc), confabulation (makeup information they cant remember), loss of muscle co-ordination when the patients balance is weak, memory loss (unable to recall information), and difficulty in obtaining new information or learning new skills (amnesia). (Spear, 2002). In addition, there are two types of well known form of amnesia (anterograde and retrograde) that play a role in Korsakoff syndrome which encounter chronic alcohol. Alcohol has shown various affective memory levels including semantic, prospective, explicit, episodic and implicit (Fama, 2006, dYdewalle Van Damme, 2007). Problems with the patients short term memory are a strong sign of support to the patients having Korsakoff syndrome due to the characteristic of the syndrome being severe and having memory loss which is a type of amnesia. The episodic and semantic memory of a patient with Korsakoff syndrome is the most affected characteristic, episodic refers to events from the persons past (going back in time) and semantic memories deal with knowledge of facts, language and concepts. In the terms of the retrograde memory, there are many tests that can measure the aspects of memory used by significant events which had happened during the past year of the patients life. Remote Memory Impairment calculates the patients past history; its a multiple choice questions test thats applied. This test measures if the patient can remember the past events that have occurred in their life. The questions are given to recall there memory and testing there memory stage of their life for example about time and place of their birth, age, names of schools they attended, etc. (Cohen Sqauire, 1981). As for anterograde memory, is a different memory aspect to the retrograde test. There is a different Remote Memory Impairment test that would be given to patients which measures there memory on recalling famous faces and words. Patients will be assessed on; famous face recognition, identification and naming, and famous name recognition and identification. Overall the results will show an indication to a minimal outline of preserved remote memory with evidence of an association between remote memory performance and decision making functioning in the patients brain. (Albert, 1981). Furthermore assessments can be also applied for the patients who are suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) can be applied which is quiet common, to assess the patients intelligence; it measures the verbal and nonverbal abilities of adults. The assessment has been revised over the recent years the person scoring it would look to see if there are any differences between the verbal and non verbal sections. If there is any big difference between the two sections will indicate to learning problem. (David Wechsler, 1955). The aim of this study that is going to be carried out by several tests, the patient is experiencing through mental deficits from Korsakoff syndrome. A small amount of tests will be given to the patient to see if the symptoms displayed by the patient are the same as the symptoms of someone who is suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. Overall, if the patient is found with any complications regarding any condition, further action and preventions measures will be recommended to improve the patients lifestyle. Method Design- This experiment is a case study base (Appendix 1). Participants-Mr C, as an only one patient that is being assessed in this study, the participant is one perceived to be suffering from Korsakoff syndrome, which displays many symptoms related to his case study (Appendix 1). Materials- the tests that are going to be taking place are; Remote memory assessments- Famous faces test- have to indentify 150 photographs of famous people (anterograde amnesia) Past event test- multiple choice test, 88 events questions (retrograde amnesia). Weschler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS) Working memory index; Arithmetic, Digit span and Letter-Number Sequencing. California Verbal Learning (CVLT) Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)- assessment of memory function, supplementary memory questions should be asked, e.g. about recent news, family or personal events. Implementation- These tests are being used on the patient due to find out if the patient has any mental deficits issues and any complications he might have in his everyday life. Before taking the tests, the patient will be required to be sober from alcohol for a period of time, to ensure that there were no effects which might cause cognitive issues on the results. Results from all the tests as described in the material section are compared to similar case studies that have been diagnosed with Korsakoff syndrome as well as a healthy normative control group. It will be compared between both group controls to provide rationale of the patients conditions. Results Source (tests) Normative Korsakoff patient Control Indentify famous faces (anterograde amnesia) 41 15 38.1 88 multiple choice questions on past events (retrograde amnesia) 70 46 41.1 Working memory index (WAIS) 108 56.7 55 California Verbal Learning (CVLT) 13 2 12 Memory Scale (WMS) 32 12 26 The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 24 2.6 3.1 Findings; the patients with Korsakoff syndrome have diencephalic lesions indentified. Remote memory assessment Indentify famous faces (anterograde amnesia)- The famous faces identification assessment clearly shows the patients performance appeared to be weak which the patient scored 15, compared to the normative scoring 41. This may be due to primarily to loss of semantic knowledge regarding famous persons. Multiple choice questions on past events (retrograde amnesia)- patient has shown similar remote memory impairment in Korsakoff syndrome might reflect to anterograde amnesia. Mr C may be going through nerve breakdown. Working memory index (WAIS) the results show the Korsakoff patient impairment within the episodic and working memory. the control and Korsakoff scoring has displayed similar scorings of episodic and working memory deficits. this shows similar patterns of brain damage compared to the normative score. the technique was overall was found not to be significant. California Verbal Learning (CVLT) the recalling tests showed the patients Memory Scale (WMS) the patient scoring was not significant which shows in the results of 12, the results shows the control scoring were higher than the patients score. Mini mental state examination The test that was undertaken by the patients was used to screen for cognitive impairment to help to screen for global confusion which Mr C has. the scores show he defiantly has memory disorder if you see the comparison to the normative scoring of 24 and the patients scoring shows 2.6 which is really low. it has shows that he failed the MMSE recall item. the results has clearly displayed impairments of episodic memory, recollection, contextual memory and retrieval. Discussion Based on the overall results, there is a strong indication that Mr C has Korsakoff syndrome. The patients test performances show that there are impairments in memory in Mr C compared to the normative results. The results showed a clear evidence for the typical mental deficits associated with Korsakoff syndrome. Furthermore, to help the patient to overcome the symptoms there should be a variety of techniques which could be used to try to reduce the symptoms that the patient is experiencing, which may be based on therapies which have shown positive beneficial to the condition. To minimise the symptoms there are types of medical drugs that could be given to the patient in order to help them reduce the side effects of mental deficits that the patient may be going through due to Korsakoff syndrome. Due to Mr C vomiting he will need to take IV Thiamine drinking plenty water right away, even though the improvement is a slow process he will need to change his diet along with it. This is found to give improvements in the memory deficits that may have caused by the condition particularly if the patient who have memory deficits due to alcohol. Likewise, if the patient wouldnt like to take any medication they will have to change their diet. This might be the prevention that caused nerve damage to the patient which has stated above its due to thiamine deficiency. Healthy lifestyle includes drinking alcohol only within a safe recommendation amount (up to 3-4 units a day for men, and 2-3 units a day for women). Eating a balance will help the patient by eating, whole grain, vegetables and wheat which may lead to preventing further memory loss (Hillbom, 2006); it could improve memory, cognitive impairment and confusion in Korsakoff patients. In addition, the most effective method of preventing Korsakoff syndrome is to avoid vitamin/thiamine B deficiency. In the western countries, the most common causes of mental deficits are due to extreme alcohol and weight disorders. Thus, requiring preventing this companies that sell alcoholic beverages to supplement them with B vitamin/thiamine would avoid many cases of Korsakoff. In conclusion, the patient has shown to have Korsakoff syndrome which he had a sufficient amount of memory deficits within himself that show adequate evidence of Korsakoff syndrome. This report shows describes the most effective and practical way of controlling the condition at the present time and providing improvements to the patients lifestyle, it leads to variety of assessments. Further Still, there are several criticism associated with memory assessments which have been used in this study, it may not be utterly reliable to diagnose the patient, therefore it may be wise to administer further testing on the patient throughout their life to make sure the he is accurately diagnosed of the conditions. It is very often falls to the psychiatrist to coordinate care for the patients, a psychiatrist is highly recommended for Mr C to follow-up, arrange placement, and assess further tests when necessary. GP will be there supporting the patients and families. Long-term outcomes have been studied previous patients are reported to have a normal life expectancy if they remain sober from alcohol (Leenane, 1986).

Ancient Roman Meals :: essays research papers

Ancient Roman Meals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ancient Romans were similar to todays generations in their eating habits but never ate three hearty meals a day. Ientaculum and prandium were merely appetizers that filled their stomachs unitl the large cena, the event they look forward to since awakening. They had names for their meals similar to ours, breakfast (ientaculum), lunch (prandium), and dinner (cena).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breakfast, ientaculum was usually taken about nine o'clock and consisted of merely a few pieces of bread sprinkled in salt or dipped in wine, and with a few raisins and olives, and a little cheese added. The poorest Romans ate little other than wheat either crushed to make a porridge or ground into flour for bread.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lunch, or prandium was usually taken at noon. It was usually nothing more than a piece of bread accompanied by cold meat, vegetables, and fruit washed down with a glass of wine. Both ientaculum and prandium were so short there was no need to set the table or wash ones hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only serious meal was the evening dinner or cena. Dinner time was practically the same for all Romans due to the lack of artificial light. Dinner was after the bath at the end of the eigth hour in winter and at the ninth in summer. The food is mostly cold,-breads, salads, olives, cheeses, and meats remaing from last nights dinner. Occasionally, hot dishes such as ham and pig's heads are feasted upon. Some wealthy Romans would have as many as seven courses to feed on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trimalchio, a wealthy Roman would have a bronzed donkey with appetizer dishes of olives, stuffed dormice rolled in honey and poppy seed, hot sausages were laid on a silver grill next to pomegranate and damson seeds. The guests were still busy with the hors d'oeuvres when a tray would be brought in with a basket on it, in which there was a wooden hen spreading her wings. Under the straw were Peahen eggs that would base passed out. Each egg contained a fat becafico rolled up in spiced egg yolkf. There were plates with the twelve signs of Zodiac on them that had food matas ching the symbol, ram, bull, crab, figs, lion, etc. Some hosts would heat a wfshole pig and then entertain his guests by having skilled swordmen carve the pa fig like he was killing it. After eating, many guests would entertain each othed sfr in belching. It was considered polite to belch and release wind after a ni sce meal. Guests would simply snap their fingers and servants would come running with vases to contain urine.

My Dream Organisation Essay

Every human being has some dream in life, which varies from person to person according one’s attitude towards life. Some have a craze for riches, others for brilliant academic career still others have vaulting ambition to hold some key position or a plum host. In the modern age of materialism there are very few people who have philanthropic inclination. How nice it is to blend one’s ambition to some mission in life. After all people who enhance the happiness of humanity and work in the service of society and the nation at last are essentially great persons in the real sense of world. My aim has been since my early childhood to achieve something in the corporate world and with this very vision I’ve been planning my career. By joining prestigious institution as admirable as Amity certainly brings me to the threshold of a commendable career I’ve been envisaging so far. I think that I’ve taken a right decision at right time of life. I aspire to be an indispensable part of some great organization and this will be My Dream Organization. How do I define it is the question? I feel that an organization I’d like to join after completing MBA will be an Organization well established, reputed, ideal, opening a golden gate towards the career I’ve been dreaming of. Since joined the challenging finance branch I’d like to equip myself with all the desirable traits expected from an ideal, dynamic and successful manager. Being humorous is one important element that a manager must have. It can not only attract employee’s attention but also avoid employees from falling asleep during worktime To sum up, friendly, humorous, and easy going manager are the first point that my dream organisation life must have, One of the most important things my dream organization should have is that the organization should be clear and unambiguous about its objectives. The organization should enable me to learn and grow more in my field and help me to climb the ladder of success in the corporate world. The best time of the day of a committed employee is spent in the office. Obviously it should provide a harmonious atmosphere where people work in complete harmony with each other. The secret of the success story of any organization lies in the way people work with a sense of belongingness and a spirit of togetherness. The colleagues in any business organization or corporate are more than a family because they spend maximum of time together. The organization should have well established lines of communication and the work and responsibilities of each worker should be well defined. Every individual should be well familiar with his/her responsibilities and should very well know to whom he/she is accountable to so that there are less conflicts. The organizational environment should be such that the workers are motivated to come up with new and creative ideas. And lastly the organization in which I dream to work should not only be working for profit motive but should also keep in mind the welfare and interest of the society and should also work or their well being.

THE REMOVALISTS A PLAY BY DA essays

THE REMOVALISTS A PLAY BY DA essays THE REMOVALISTS A PLAY BY DAVID WILLIAMSON David Williamson, widely regarded as Australias most successful playwright, has created a very controversial and very Australian glimpse of the Australian society during the early 1970s. A key theme in the play is the myth of the typical Aussie mateship, where every good mate stands by and helps another in need. Having said this, I believe that The Removalists simply cannot be adapted into the present day while retaining the strong sense of mateship. Throughout the past few decades, Australia has become more multicultural, more modernised and thus more independent. Some say that The Removalists characters are simply artificial and totally unbelievable, but the characters themselves are ideas, not dramatic creations. The composer has successfully divided the Australian society and represented them by just five characters which range from the removalist, a cold and money driven businessman and Kate a semi-upper-middle-class dentists wife who is accused surprisingly of having an affair. One of the funniest lines in the play was where Kates sister replied to her outburst: Kate: All this fuss about an affair. Anyone would think that Im a nymphomaniac! In The Removalists Williamson effectively dispels the myth of mateship in Australia. We are shown more than one type of mateship, some more obvious than others. We are first introduced to Simmonds; a beefy, fat and middle-aged sergeant readily abuses and embarrasses his lesser workmate Constable Ross on his first day in the force, with apparent relish. The ideal Aussie mate would show understanding and would always be happy to lend a helping hand to his lesser experienced partner. However, we are shown a few glimpses of Simmondss taking up a fatherly role towards Ross as if mocking him of his inexperience: I think the first thing you&apos...

Clasical essays

Clasical essays Big band refers to a jazz group of 10 or more musicians, usually featuring at least three trumpets, two or more trombones, four or more saxophones, and a rhythm section of accompanists playing some combination of piano, guitar, bass, and drums. Big-band music as a concept for music fans is identified most with the swing era, though there were large, jazz-oriented dance bands before the swing era of the 1930s and 1940s and large jazz-oriented bands after the swing era. Classification difficulties occur when music stores shelve recordings by all large jazz ensembles as though it were a single style, despite the shifting harmonic and rhythmic approaches employed by new ensembles of similar instrumentation that have formed since the swing era. By lumping the music of all large jazz bands together marketers overlook the different kinds of jazz that large groups have performed: swing (Duke Ellington and Count Basie), bebop (Dizzy Gillespie), cool (Gerry Mulligan, Miles Davis, Shorty Rogers, Gil Evans), hard bop (Gerald Wilson, Charles Mingus), free jazz (some of Sun Ra's work after the l950s) and jazz-rock fusion (Don Ellis's and Maynard Ferguson's groups of the 1970s). Not all of them are swing bands. Many listeners consider big band to denote an idiom, not just an instrumentation. For them, the strategies of arranging and soloing that were established during the 1930s link all large jazz ensembles more than the different rhythmic and harmonic concepts dis- tinguishing those of one era, for example, bebop, from those of another, for example, jazz-rock. Another important consideration that journalists and jazz fans of the 1930s and 1940s drew was the distinction between bands that conveyed the most hard-driving rhythmic qualities and frequent solo improvisations and those that conveyed less pronounced swing feeling and improvisation. The former were called swing bands or hot bands (for example, Count Basie's and Duke Ellington's bands)...

Psychology undefined, Darvin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology undefined, Darvin - Essay Example His Theory differs from Lamarckism in that Lamarck avoided the word "evolution", while Darwin's theory stays valid whether acquired traits are transmitted or not, Lamarck's theory becomes inoperative if acquired traits cannot be transmitted. Darwin's theory is basically criticized for absence of any credible empirical scientific evidence in support of the theory, regarding the spontaneous generation of life or inheritance from one to another . Q2. Describe Galton's application of the theory of evolution by natural selection to individual differences in human mental characteristics. For instance, what were Galton's assumptions about the nature of human mental characteristics What kinds of evidence did Galton obtain To what extent did the evidence collected by Galton provide strong scientific support for his views on individual differences and evolution of mind Answer: Galtons believes that no animals have ever been bred for general intelligence, as humans we are having the high general intellect that other living things haven't. Since no experiments had been made for this, but we can thoroughly see how rational beings are humans. We are the highest form of living things. Galton made an investigation having a biographical work that was a collection of intelligent persons.

Public and Private Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public and Private Education - Essay Example Public and Private Education Education is the process of experiencing. Experiencing happens through or by learning. Going further deeply into how some eminent educationalists define the same term, Richard Aldrich (2006, p. 1) believed in his 'working definition' of education that it is 'concerned with the promotion of knowledge over ignorance, of truth over falsehood, of concern for others over selfishness, of mental and physical well-being over despair and debility'. Not only in the above statement, nowhere in the modern world as a matter of fact or none of the legal literature of any country, does it pointedly specify that race, class, status are, by any means, the criteria for any individual to receive formal education. However, the sole objective of any government's actions toward maintaining the data of local communities, economic classes or division of households according to their income status has always been for the sake of giving the right person the right priority and preference. In principle, educati on received by any individual is strongly supposed to be equal. The studies like that of Sociology are particularly interested and motivated to take an action on, wherever an amount 'inequality' seems to exist. This essay makes a modest attempt, may not be to the fullest, toward the same goal. Going back a little into the history of the UK, and specifically considering the lifestyle of its citizens during the time between 16th and 18th centuries, we can understand why there a variety of educational systems is in the present times.